Understand the difference between dementia and Alzheimer’s
Dementia and Alzheimer’s are terms you may have heard used interchangeably despite the fact that they aren’t the same. Some clarity on each of these terms can help you better support a friend or family member who has been diagnosed with dementia or Alzheimer’s. So here we’ll explore the differences between the two.
Are dementia and Alzheimer’s disease the same?
The key difference between dementia and Alzheimer’s is simple:
- Dementia is a general term for a set of symptoms
- Alzheimer’s is a specific disease that causes those symptoms
In other words, Alzheimer’s is one type of dementia.
Defining dementia
Dementia is not a disease. It describes a group of symptoms that affect memory, the ability to communicate and carry out everyday activities. It is possible to get a diagnosis of dementia and not know the precise cause.
Symptoms of dementia include, but are not limited to, difficulty with:
- Visual perception e.g. hallucinations, differentiating colours, detecting movement
- Remembering things e.g. names, the route home
- Thinking clearly
- Making decisions
- Controlling emotions
Dementia is, therefore, an umbrella term that encompasses several diseases which result in some of the above symptoms. Alzheimer’s, also known as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is, as the name implies, a disease with a known cause. It is the most common type of dementia, affecting 60–80% of people with dementia.
Alzheimer’s explained
This disease is caused by the improper accumulation of proteins and fibres within brain cells, which are called plaques and tangles, respectively. They cause brain cells to die, which eventually results in a variety of worsening symptoms that affect memory, thinking and language.
One of the earliest signs of Alzheimer’s is memory loss, such as forgetting about recent events and/or the names of objects or places. Individuals with early-stage Alzheimer’s may also struggle to find the right words when talking and ask the same question repeatedly. As the disease is degenerative, symptoms eventually progress to confusion and problems with daily care and personal hygiene. It is at this point that those with Alzheimer’s or their family, may consider live-in care to enable them to continue living safely in their own home for longer.
Other types of dementia
While Alzheimer’s is the most common type, there are several other forms of dementia, including:
- Vascular dementia
- Dementia with Lewy bodies
- Frontotemporal dementia
Each type affects the brain differently and may present with slightly different symptoms. Doctors use assessments of memory, language, attention and sometimes brain scans, such as MRI, to determine the most likely cause.
How can you tell if someone has dementia or Alzheimer’s?
It can be difficult to tell the difference without a medical diagnosis, as many of the symptoms overlap.
Common signs may include:
- Memory loss, especially forgetting recent events
- Confusion about time, place or familiar routines
- Difficulty finding the right words or following conversations
- Repeating questions or becoming easily disoriented
- Changes in mood, behaviour or personality
While these signs may suggest dementia, only a healthcare professional can determine the cause and whether it is Alzheimer’s or another type of dementia.
If you are concerned, it is important to speak to a GP. Early assessment can help provide clarity, support and access to the right care.
Living with dementia and Alzheimer’s
A diagnosis of dementia or Alzheimer’s can feel overwhelming, both for the individual and those close to them.
While there is currently no cure in most cases, many people continue to live well for years with the right support in place. The focus often shifts from treatment to maintaining quality of life, independence and comfort.
This can include:
- Establishing familiar daily routines that provide structure and reassurance
- Creating a safe and supportive home environment
- Encouraging meaningful activities that bring enjoyment and a sense of purpose
- Staying socially connected with family, friends and the local community
- Accessing medical support and guidance from a GP or specialist
As needs change over time, having consistent and adaptable support becomes increasingly important.
For many families, live-in care offers a way to provide this support while allowing a loved one to remain in familiar surroundings. A dedicated carer can help with daily tasks, provide companionship and offer reassurance, all while helping maintain a sense of normal life at home.
How can we help you?
At Patricia White’s, we are dedicated to our clients and providing exemplary dementia care at home for those who need it most. If you want to find out more about our care services, then please get in touch with us. You can speak to a member of our expert team and they will be more than happy to answer any questions.
