Diagnosing Parkinson’s

Receiving a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease can be overwhelming, but it’s a crucial step in accessing the right support, treatment, and planning for the future. Parkinson’s is a progressive neurological condition, and early diagnosis enables people to make lifestyle adjustments, begin therapy and consider care options before symptoms significantly impact daily life.

How Is Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosed?

Unlike some medical conditions, there is no single test that can definitively diagnose Parkinson’s. Instead, diagnosis is typically based on:

• Clinical assessment by a specialist, usually a neurologist
• A review of medical history and symptoms
• A physical and neurological examination

Doctors will look for hallmark motor symptoms, such as:

• Tremors at rest
• Bradykinesia (slowness of movement)
• Muscle rigidity
• Postural instability

The diagnosis may also be supported by observing how symptoms respond to Parkinson’s medications, such as levodopa. A noticeable improvement with medication can strongly suggest Parkinson’s disease.

Tests That May Be Used

Although Parkinson’s cannot be confirmed by a standard blood or imaging test, doctors may carry out various assessments to rule out other conditions:

• MRI or CT scans – to exclude strokes, tumours, or other neurological disorders
• DaTscan – a type of brain scan that can help assess dopamine activity
• Blood tests – to eliminate other causes of symptoms, such as thyroid or vitamin deficiencies

These tests help ensure the symptoms aren’t caused by conditions that mimic Parkinson’s, such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or essential tremor.

Who Diagnoses Parkinson’s?

Initial concerns are often raised by a GP, who may refer the individual to a neurologist or a movement disorder specialist for further evaluation. Specialists may work alongside Parkinson’s nurses and multidisciplinary teams to ensure a full picture of the person’s health is considered.

Early Signs to Look Out For

Some symptoms of Parkinson’s may appear years before diagnosis, especially non-motor symptoms.

These early signs include:

• Loss of sense of smell
• Sleep disturbances (such as acting out dreams)
• Constipation
• Depression or anxiety
• Small, cramped handwriting (micrographia)

These may be subtle, but when paired with motor symptoms such as tremors or stiffness, they help clinicians reach a diagnosis earlier.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Getting an early diagnosis of Parkinson’s can make a significant difference in quality of life.

It allows individuals to:

• Access medications to manage symptoms effectively
• Begin physiotherapy, speech therapy or occupational therapy early
• Make lifestyle adjustments to preserve independence
• Plan for future care, finances and support

Parkinson’s affects everyone differently and early support can help you or your loved one live well with the condition.

What Happens Next?

After diagnosis, your neurologist or Parkinson’s nurse will help create a personalised care plan.

This often includes:

• Regular monitoring of symptoms and treatment response
• Medication management
• Information on exercise, nutrition and mental wellbeing
• Referral to community support services

Treatment and Support for Parkinson’s Disease

Although there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease, ongoing medical and scientific research continues to push boundaries in the development of more effective treatments and therapies. Every breakthrough—whether small or large—adds to our understanding of the condition and helps shape better care for those living with it.

Parkinson’s affects people in unique ways. While symptoms may include tremors, stiffness and cognitive or emotional changes, a combination of medical treatment, non-drug therapies and community support can help many people continue living full and independent lives.