What is Parkinson's?

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition that primarily affects movement, but it can also impact cognition, mood and other bodily functions. While Parkinson’s is a single condition rather than a collection of diseases like dementia, it manifests differently in each person and progresses through distinct stages with varying symptoms and effects on the brain and body.

The brain is composed of nerve cells called neurones, which transmit signals across the brain and to the rest of the body. In Parkinson’s disease, the neurones in a specific area of the brain – the substantia nigra become damaged or die. These cells are responsible for producing dopamine, a vital chemical messenger that helps coordinate smooth, controlled movement. When these neurones are impaired, dopamine levels drop, leading to difficulties with movement, coordination and eventually, other cognitive and emotional functions.

Parkinson’s is often described by medical professionals as one of the most complex neurological conditions due to its wide-ranging symptoms and unpredictable progression. Every individual experiences Parkinson’s differently – some may notice tremors and stiffness first, while others face fatigue, anxiety or speech issues.

But you are not alone. Over 145,000 people in the UK are currently living with Parkinson’s disease and many more families are impacted by it every day. Thanks to a growing network of medical professionals, charities, and specialist care providers, it is absolutely possible to live well with Parkinson’s.

In this guide, you’ll find key information about the causes, symptoms and stages of Parkinson’s disease, available treatments, lifestyle tips and practical support resources to help you and your loved ones navigate life with Parkinson’s.

In the next sections, we’ll explore the typical signs of Parkinson’s, how the disease progresses and how tailored care and support can make a real difference in daily life.